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Jonathan T. Pennington:

Jesus' death was confusing, dismaying, and inexplicable at the time of the event, and even after the resurrection there was still no small amount of fear and uncertainty about how to proceed. Despite the promises of resurrection and the appearance of the resurrected Christ to several of the disciples, Jesus’s followers remained fearful (cf. John 20:19) and rather inwardly focused (Acts 1:12-14) until the giving of the Spirit. But once the Spirit of power and revelation came upon the disciples at Pentecost, they understood the significance of all that Jesus had taught an done beforehand (cf. John 2:22). The evangelists then write their accounts with this post-Pentecost perspective and expert analysis and commentary. Because of the centrality of the death and resurrection in salvation history, the Gospel accounts are written from the perspective of this historical-theological event. Therefore, as readers we need to follow the lead of the evangelists and trace the same trajectory in our reading, interpreting all the pre-passion stories through the post-Pentecost perspective motivating the authors.